Extralogical Complexity Part 2: Its Laws and the Structure and Dynamics of Self-Organization
Nature’s elements, by definition, arise naturally . Novelties emerge from randomness and self-organize. Thus, one must understand emergence and self-organization to understand Nature. Nature is an emergence that exceeds the sum of its many parts, or substrate. Such an emergence can only occur if the system of variables undergoes feedback that allows outcomes to surpass its initial causes. Physical laws--i.e. the laws of causality and energy conversation—are always satisfied, but this requires accounting for an arbitrarily large number of intermediary events, which is next to impossible in any real network. Part one showed that synergetic emergences are made possible by the prevalence of nonlinear change—i.e., Complex causation / feedback . This article, part two, is a treatise on the structure and dynamics of self-organization in emergent systems, also known as Complexity theory. Complex systems theory is a multi-disciplinary subfield and cousin of chaos...